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CSS에서 방사형 메뉴를 만드는 방법은 무엇입니까?

tipmemo 2023. 8. 6. 10:08
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CSS에서 방사형 메뉴를 만드는 방법은 무엇입니까?

다음과 같은 메뉴를 만들려면 어떻게 해야 합니까?

Tooltip Image

PSD 링크

저는 PSD 이미지를 사용하고 싶지 않습니다.저는 FontAwesome과 같은 패키지의 아이콘을 사용하고 CSS에서 배경/css를 생성하는 것을 선호합니다.

PSD를 사용하여 툴팁의 이미지를 생성하고 이를 사용하는 메뉴 버전은 여기에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

거의 3년 후, 저는 마침내 이것을 다시 방문하고 개선된 버전을 게시할 시간을 만들었습니다.끝에 있는 원래 답변을 참조할 수 있습니다.

SVG가 더 나은 선택일 수도 있지만, 특히 오늘날, 제 목표는 HTML과 CSS, JS, SVG, 이미지(루트 요소의 배경 제외)만 유지하는 것이었습니다.

2015년 데모

스크린샷

크롬 43:

Chrome screenshot

파이어폭스 38:

Firefox screenshot

IE 11:

IE screenshot

코드

HTML은 매우 간단합니다.메뉴를 표시/숨기기 위해 체크박스 해킹을 사용하고 있습니다.

<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
    <li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
    <li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
    <li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>

저는 이것을 논리적으로 유지하고 필요하면 쉽게 바꿀 수 있도록 Sass를 사용하고 있습니다.댓글이 많이 달렸어요.

$d: 2em; // diameter of central round button
$r: 16em; // radius of menu
$n: 3; // must match number of list items in DOM
$exp: 3em; // menu item height
$tip: .75em; // dimension of tip on middle menu item
$w: .5em; // width of ends
$cover-dim: 2*($r - $exp); // dimension of the link cover
$angle: 15deg; // angle for a menu item
$skew-angle: 90deg - $angle; // how much to skew a menu item to $angle
$scale-factor: cos($skew-angle); // correction factor - see vimeo.com/98137613 from min 15
$off-angle: .125deg; // offset angle so we have a little space between menu items

// don't show the actual checkbox
input {
  transform: translate(-100vw); // move offscreen
  visibility: hidden; // avoid paint
}

// change state of menu to revealed on checking the checkbox
input:checked ~ ul {
    transform: scale(1); 
    opacity: .999;
    // ease out back from easings.net/#easeOutBack
    transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

// position everything absolutely such that their left bottom corner 
// is in the middle of the screen
label, ul, li {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%; bottom: 50%;
}

// visual candy styles
label, a {
    color: #858596;
    font: 700 1em/ #{$d} sans-serif;
    text-align: center;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
    cursor: pointer;
}

label {
    z-index: 2; // place it above the menu which has z-index: 1
    margin: -$d/2; // position correction such that it's right in the middle
    width: $d; height: $d;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white, 
                0 .125em .25em #876366, 
                0 .125em .5em #876366;
    background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}

ul {
    z-index: 1;
    margin: -$r + $exp + 1.5*$d 0; // position correction
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    transform-origin: 50% (-$r + $exp);
    transform: scale(.001); // initial state: scaled down to invisible
    will-change: transform; // better perf on transitioning transform
    opacity: .001; // initial state: transparent
    filter: drop-shadow(0 .125em .25em #847c77) 
            drop-shadow(0 .125em .5em #847c77);
    // ease in back, also from easings.net
    transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);

    // menu ends
    &:before, &:after {
        position: absolute;
        margin: -$exp (-$w/2);
        width: $w; height: $exp;
        transform-origin: 50% 100%;
        background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
        content: '';
    }

    &:before {
        border-radius: $w 0 0 $w;
        transform: rotate(-.5*$n*$angle) 
                   translate(-$w/2, -$r + $exp);
        box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
    }
    &:after {
        border-radius: 0 $w $w 0;
        transform: rotate(.5*$n*$angle) 
            translate($w/2, -$r + $exp);
        box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
    }
}

li {
    overflow: hidden;
    width: $r; height: $r;
    transform-origin: 0 100%;

    @for $i from 0 to $n {
        &:nth-child(#{$i + 1}) {
            $curr-angle: $i*$angle + 
                ($i + .5)*$off-angle - 
                .5*$n*($angle + $off-angle);

            // make each list item a rhombus rotated around its bottom left corner
            // see explanation from minute 33:10 youtube.com/watch?v=ehjoh_MmE9A
            transform: rotate($curr-angle)
                       skewY(-$skew-angle) 
                       scaleX($scale-factor);

            // add tip for the item n the middle, just a rotated square
            @if $i == ($n - 1)/2 {
                a:after {
                    position: absolute;
                    top: $exp; left: 50%;
                    margin: -$tip/2;
                    width: $tip; height: $tip;
                    transform: rotate(45deg);
                    box-shadow: 
                        inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
                    background: linear-gradient(-45deg, 
                        #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
                    content: '';
                }
            }
        }
    }

    a, &:before {
        margin: 0 (-$r);
        width: 2*$r; height: 2*$r;
        border-radius: 50%;
    }

    &:before, &:after {
        position: absolute;
        border-radius: 50%;
        // undo distorting transforms from menu item (parent li)
        transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor) 
                   skewY($skew-angle);
        content: '';
    }

    // actual background of the arched menu items
    &:before {
        box-shadow: 
            inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, 
            inset 0 0 $exp #ebe7e2, 
            inset 0 0 1px ($exp - .0625em) #c9c4bf, 
            inset 0 0 0 $exp #dcdcdc;
    }

    // cover to prevent click action in between the star and menu items
    &:after {
        top: 100%; left: 0;
        margin: -$cover-dim/2;
        width: $cover-dim; height: $cover-dim;
        border-radius: 50%;
    }
}

a {
    display: block;
    // undo distorting transforms from menu item and rotate into right position
    transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor) 
               skewY($skew-angle) 
               rotate($angle/2);
    line-height: $exp;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

html {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: url(http://i.imgur.com/AeFfmwL.jpg);
}

input {
  /* move offscreen */
  -webkit-transform: translate(-100vw);
      -ms-transform: translate(-100vw);
          transform: translate(-100vw);
  /* avoid paint */
  visibility: hidden;
}

input:checked ~ ul {
  -webkit-transform: scale(1);
      -ms-transform: scale(1);
          transform: scale(1);
  opacity: .999;
  /* ease out back from easings.net */
  -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
          transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

label, ul, li {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  bottom: 50%;
}

label, a {
  color: #858596;
  font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
  cursor: pointer;
}

label {
  z-index: 2;
  margin: -1em;
  width: 2em;
  height: 2em;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,  0 .125em .25em #876366,  0 .125em .5em #876366;
  background: #d3d3d3;
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
  background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}

ul {
  z-index: 1;
  margin: -10em 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  -webkit-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
      -ms-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
          transform-origin: 50% -13em;
  -webkit-transform: scale(0.001);
      -ms-transform: scale(0.001);
          transform: scale(0.001);
  /* for improved perf on transitioning transform
   * https://twitter.com/paul_irish/status/608492121734193152
   */
  will-change: transform;
  opacity: .001;
  -webkit-filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
          filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
  -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
          transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
}
ul:before, ul:after {
  position: absolute;
  margin: -3em -0.25em;
  width: 0.5em;
  height: 3em;
  -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
      -ms-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
          transform-origin: 50% 100%;
  background: #d3d3d3;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
  background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
  content: '';
}
ul:before {
  border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
          transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
  box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
ul:after {
  border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
      -ms-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
          transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
  box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}

li {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 16em;
  height: 16em;
  -webkit-transform-origin: 0 100%;
      -ms-transform-origin: 0 100%;
          transform-origin: 0 100%;
}
li:nth-child(1) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) a:after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 3em;
  left: 50%;
  margin: -0.375em;
  width: 0.75em;
  height: 0.75em;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
      -ms-transform: rotate(45deg);
          transform: rotate(45deg);
  box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
  background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
  content: '';
}
li:nth-child(3) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li a, li:before {
  margin: 0 -16em;
  width: 32em;
  height: 32em;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
li:before, li:after {
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
      -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
          transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
  content: '';
}
li:before {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc;
}
li:after {
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  margin: -13em;
  width: 26em;
  height: 26em;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

a {
  display: block;
  -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
      -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
          transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
  line-height: 3em;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
}
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
	<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
	<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
	<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>


원답

순수한 CSS로 그런 종류의 일을 하려는 나의 시도:

데모

(별 클릭)

Chrome, Firefox(호버에 약간 이상한 흐림 효과), Opera(끝이 더 작아 보임) 및 Safari(끝이 더 작아 보임)에서 작동합니다.

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body {
	overflow: hidden;
}
/* generic styles for button & circular menu */
.ctrl {
	position: absolute;
	top: 70%; left: 50%;
	font: 1.5em/1.13 Verdana, sans-serif;
	transition: .5s;
}
/* generic link styles */
a.ctrl, .ctrl a {
	display: block;
	opacity: .56;
	background: #c9c9c9;
	color: #7a8092;
	text-align: center;
	text-decoration: none;
	text-shadow: 0 -1px dimgrey;
}
a.ctrl:hover, .ctrl a:hover, a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { opacity: 1; }
a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { outline: none; }
.button {
	z-index: 2;
	margin: -.625em;
	width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em;
	border-radius: 50%;
	box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px white;
}
/* circular menu */
.tip {
	z-index: 1;
	/**outline: dotted 1px white;/**/
	margin: -5em;
	width: 10em; height: 10em;
	transform: scale(.001);
	list-style: none;
	opacity: 0;
}
/* the ends of the menu */
.tip:before, .tip:after {
	position: absolute;
	top: 34.3%;
	width: .5em; height: 14%;
	opacity: .56;
	background: #c9c9c9;
	content: '';
}
.tip:before {
	left: 5.4%;
	border-radius: .25em 0 0 .25em;
	box-shadow: -1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset 1px 0 1px white, inset -1px 0 1px grey, 
				inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
	transform: rotate(-75deg);
}
.tip:after {
	right: 5.4%;
	border-radius: 0 .25em .25em 0;
	box-shadow: 1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset -1px 0 1px white, inset 1px 0 1px grey,
				inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
	transform: rotate(75deg);
}
/* make the menu appear on click */
.button:focus + .tip {
	transform: scale(1);
	opacity: 1;
}
/* slices of the circular menu */
.slice {
	overflow: hidden;
	position: absolute;
	/**outline: dotted 1px yellow;/**/
	width: 50%; height: 50%;
	transform-origin: 100% 100%;
}
/* 
 * rotate each slice at the right angle = (A/2)° + (k - (n+1)/2)*A°
 * where A is the angle of 1 slice (30° in this case)
 * k is the number of the slice (in {1,2,3,4,5} here)
 * and n is the number of slices (5 in this case)
 * formula works for odd number of slices (n odd)
 * for even number of slices (n even) the rotation angle is (k - n/2)*A°
 * 
 * after rotating, skew on Y by 90°-A°; here A° = the angle for 1 slice = 30° 
 */
.slice:first-child { transform: rotate(-45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(2) { transform: rotate(-15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(4) { transform: rotate(45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:last-child { transform: rotate(75deg) skewY(60deg); }
/* covers for the inner part of the links so there's no hover trigger between
   star button & menu links; give them a red background to see them */
.slice:after {
	position: absolute;
	top: 32%; left: 32%;
	width: 136%; height: 136%;
	border-radius: 50%;
	/* "unskew" = skew by minus the same angle by which parent was skewed */
	transform: skewY(-60deg);
	content: '';
}
/* menu links */
.slice a {
	width: 200%; height: 200%;
	border-radius: 50%;
	box-shadow: 0 0 3px dimgrey, inset 0 0 4px white;
	/* "unskew" & rotate by -A°/2 */
	transform: skewY(-60deg) rotate(-15deg);
	background: /* lateral separators */
			linear-gradient(75deg, 
		transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 36.5% 0,
			linear-gradient(-75deg, 
		transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 63.5% 0,
		/* make sure inner part is transparent */
		radial-gradient(rgba(127,127,127,0) 49%, 
					rgba(255,255,255,.7) 51%, #c9c9c9 52%);
	background-size: 15% 15%, 15% 15%, cover;
	line-height: 1.4;
}
/* arrow for middle link */
.slice:nth-child(3) a:after {
	position: absolute;
	top: 13%; left: 50%;
	margin: -.25em;
	width: .5em; height: .5em;
	box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px white;
	transform: rotate(45deg);
	background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #c9c9c9 50%, transparent 50%);
	content: '';
}
<a class='button ctrl' href='#' tabindex='1'>★</a>
<ul class='tip ctrl'>
	<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✦</a></li>
	<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✿</a></li>
	<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✵</a></li>
	<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✪</a></li>
	<li class='slice'><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
</ul>

애나의 반응은 킥 엉덩이야!그건 심각한 CSS-fu야.

제 해결책은 당신이 원하는 것이 아닐 수도 있지만, 다른 가능한 해결책입니다.저는 지금 비슷한 스타일의 호 모양의 버튼을 가진 나침반 인터페이스를 연구하고 있습니다.라파엘과 SVG를 이용하여 개발하기로 했습니다.

Illustrator에서 호 모양을 만들고, SVG를 내보내고, 내보낸 SVG 파일에서 호의 경로 정의를 가져와 Raphael을 사용하여 인터페이스를 구축했습니다.

여기에 JS의 중간 부분이 있습니다.

JavaScript는 다음과 같습니다.

var arc = {
    fill: '#333',
    stroke: '#333',
    path: 'M53.286,44.333L69.081,7.904C48.084-1.199,23.615-2.294,0.648,6.78l14.59,36.928C28.008,38.662,41.612,39.27,53.286,44.333z'
};

var paper = Raphael(document.getElementById("notepad"), 500, 500);

var arcDegrees = 45;
var centerX = 210;
var centerY = 210;
var compassRadius = 68;
var currentlyActive = 45;
var directions = [
    {label:'N', degrees:0, rotatedDegrees:270}, 
    {label:'NE', degrees:45, rotatedDegrees:315}, 
    {label:'E', degrees:90, rotatedDegrees:0}, 
    {label:'SE', degrees:135, rotatedDegrees:45}, 
    {label:'S', degrees:180, rotatedDegrees:90}, 
    {label:'SW', degrees:225, rotatedDegrees:135}, 
    {label:'W', degrees:270, rotatedDegrees:180}, 
    {label:'NW', degrees:315, rotatedDegrees:225}
];

function arcClicked()
{
    var label = $(this).data('direction-label');
    $("#activeArc").attr('id', null);
    $(this).attr('id', 'activeArc');
}

for (i = 0; i < 360; i += arcDegrees) {
    var direction = _.find(directions, function(d) { return d.rotatedDegrees == i; });
    var radians = i * (Math.PI / 180);
    var x = centerX + Math.cos(radians) * compassRadius;
    var y = centerY + Math.sin(radians) * compassRadius;
        
    var newArc = paper.path(arc.path);
    // newArc.translate(x, y);
    // newArc.rotate(i + 89);
    newArc.transform('T' + x + ',' + y + 'r' + (i + 89));
    
    if (direction.degrees == currentlyActive) {
        $(newArc.node).attr('id', 'activeArc');
    }
        
    $(newArc.node)
        .attr('class', 'arc')
        .data('direction-label', direction.label)
        .on('click', arcClicked);
}

다음은 관련 CSS입니다.

#notepad {
    background: #f7f7f7;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
}

.arc {
    fill: #999;
    stroke: #888;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.arc:hover {
    fill: #777;
    stroke: #666;
}

#activeArc {
    fill: #F18B21 !important;
    stroke: #b86a19 !important;
}

또 다른 매우 좋은 방법은 포지셔닝에 JavaScript를 사용하는 것입니다.

DEMO + 애니메이션 방사형 메뉴 만들기에 대한 튜토리얼

이 방법의 한 가지 방법은 임의의 수의 요소를 사용할 수 있으며 CSS를 변경할 필요 없이 방사형으로 계속 배치할 수 있다는 것입니다.

문제의 자바스크립트는 다음과 같습니다.

var items = document.querySelectorAll('.circle a');

for(var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
  items[i].style.left = (50 - 35*Math.cos(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";

  items[i].style.top = (50 + 35*Math.sin(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
}

document.querySelector('.menu-button').onclick = function(e) {
   e.preventDefault(); document.querySelector('.circle').classList.toggle('open');
}

언급URL : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13132864/how-to-create-a-radial-menu-in-css

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